They were by no means the worst offenders in the Nazi justice system, but the worst offenders were dead. Janning is a conglomeration of several actual defendants, including Franz Schlegelberger who was formerly undersecretary in the Ministry of Justice.
Schlegelberger offered the defense that if he were to resign, a worse man would take his place. The Court thought there was much truth in this but convicted him anyway. The key evidence against Janning was the Feldenstein case.
Janning was the judge and he sentenced Feldenstein to death. At the Nuremberg trial, Janning conceded that he had decided to condemn Feldenstein even before the trial began, regardless of what the evidence would show.
However, like everything else in the movie, the Feldenstein case presents serious issues. There was solid evidence presented at the trial that Feldenstein and Hoffman had a sexual relationship, even though they denied it and Hoffman continued to deny it at Nuremberg.
Speaking of judges, Muller at pp. This judge, Lothar Kreyssig, was allowed to retire in and received a full pension. They then wrote many books and articles justifying their actions under the Third Reich. Muller describes a case exactly like the Feldenstein affair at pp.
It was the notorious Katzenberger case which was decided in by Oswald Rothaug, himself a Nuremberg defendant. Sixty to eighty million people died between and Twenty one to twenty five million of the deaths were military, the remainder civilian.
Japan intended the attack as a preventive action to prevent the United States Pacific Fleet from interfering with its planned military actions in Southeast Asia against overseas territories of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and those of the United States.
On , the government of Italy declares war on its former Axis partner Germany and joins the battle on the side of the Allies. Japan and the United States were not then at war, although their conflicting interests were threatening to turn violent. The attack turned a dispute into a war; —Pearl Harbor was a crime because the Japanese struck first. Sixty years later, the administration of President George W.
Skip to content Who were the Nuremberg judges? Who were the Nuremberg judges? Why did the Nuremberg tribunal sentenced only 11?
Hermann Goering was born in Rosenheim, Bavaria, on. Who was hanged after the Nuremberg trials? Was the Nuremberg trials fair? What year was World War 3? English, French, German, and Russian were the languages used throughout the hearings. Documents entered into evidence were reproduced in this series only in the original language, but as the result of the absence of a Soviet editorial staff, none of the Russian-language documents were published.
Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression. Chief of Counsel for War Crimes. This video is age-restricted and cannot be embedded, but you can watch it directly on YouTube. It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge.
If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. Introduction What were the Nuremberg Trials? What were the Nuremberg Trials? The counts included: conspiracy crimes against peace war crimes and crimes against humanity. The IMT convicted: Nuremberg trials. Harry S. Harvard Law School Library- Nuremberg Trials Project The Harvard Law School Library's Nuremberg Trials Project is an open-access initiative to create and present digitized images or full-text versions of the Library's Nuremberg documents, descriptions of each document, and general information about the trials.
While there had been prior prosecutions of war crimes in history, such as that of Confederate army officer Henry Wirz, those had been conducted according to the laws of a single country. Until the Nuremberg Trials, there had been no precedent for an international trial of war criminals. Rather than use a single judge and jury, the trial of high-ranking Nazi leaders was conducted by a panel of four judges. The Nuremberg Trials served as a precedent for the subsequent prosecution of war crimes in Japan and led to the establishment of the United Nations Genocide Convention and Universal Declaration of Human Rights in as well as the Geneva Convention on the Laws and Customs of War in The London Charter of the International Military Tribunal, which set the laws and procedures for the conduct of the Nuremberg Trials, defined three categories of crimes: crimes against the peace, war crimes and, for the first time, crimes against humanity, which included murder, enslavement or deportation of civilians or persecution on political, religious or racial grounds.
The defendants at the Nuremberg trials. With the defendants, judges and lawyers speaking a mix of German, French, English and Russian, a language barrier threatened to bog down the proceedings. However, the development of a new instantaneous translation system by IBM allowed every trial participant to listen via headsets to real-time translations of the proceedings. Yellow lights at microphones warned speakers to slow down for the benefit of the translators, while red lights signaled the need to stop and repeat statements.
The simultaneous translation system allowed the trial to be conducted four times faster than if consecutive translation was used.
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